Why Does India Invite A Foreign Leader As Chief Guest On Republic Day? Story Behind The Tradition

New Delhi: Every year on 26 January, when the Republic Day parade takes place in the capital Delhi, one face attracts the attention of not only the country but the entire world. This is the face of a foreign leader whom India invites as the chief guest. It is generally considered a respectable formality, but the real meaning goes much deeper than this. The chief guest of Republic Day is an indication of India's foreign policy, global thinking and strategy for the future.

How did the tradition of calling the chief guest begin?

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 and the country became a republic. From the same day it was decided that no foreign leader would be invited to this national function. The objective was clear—India wanted to show itself not just as a new nation, but as a responsible member of the international community.

Who was the first foreign chief guest of India?

Indonesian President Sukarno was made the chief guest on the first Republic Day. At that time the parade was held at Irwin Stadium in Delhi, which is today called Dada Dhyan Chand Stadium. This invitation reflected the spirit of friendship and common struggle between the newly independent countries of Asia.

Was Republic Day ever celebrated without the chief guest?

Yes, it has happened. No foreign leader was invited as the chief guest at the Republic Day celebrations in 1952 and 1953. At that time the country was struggling with internal challenges and the global situation was also not favourable. Later, from 1955, the parade started being held regularly on Rajpath, now called Dutta Path.

On what basis is the chief guest selected?

Selecting the chief guest is a long process, preparation for which begins several months in advance. The Ministry of External Affairs handles this responsibility. In this it is seen at what level India's political, economic, defense and diplomatic relations are with the concerned country.

Is it just a matter of respect?

According to former diplomats, selection of the chief guest is not just a matter of respect. Through this, the message is given that with which countries India wants to strengthen its relations and in which direction it plans to move forward.

What is its relation with defense and trade?

Many times the chief guest is the same leader with whose country India wants to increase partnership on defense cooperation, trade agreements or global issues. In a way, this is a diplomatic signal given from an open forum.

Who will be the chief guest on the 77th Republic Day?

The top leader of the European Union will be the chief guest on the occasion of the 77th Republic Day. European Council President Antonio Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen will be on a state visit to India from 25 to 27 January 2026.

What does this mean for India-EU relations?

This tour will not be limited to just the parade. Both the leaders will also participate in the India-EU summit. This is being considered an important step towards giving new strength to trade, technology and strategic partnership.

What does the chief guest represent?

The chief guest of Republic Day gives a glimpse of India's priorities, its global thinking and future international relations. This is the reason why this selection is viewed so seriously every year.